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(D) Total internal reflection $(TIR)$ occurs when light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an angle of incidence greater than the criti

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(D) Total internal reflection $(TIR)$ occurs when light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle.$1$. Mirage: It is an optical illusion caused by the refraction of light in layers of air with varying temperatures,leading to $TIR$.$2$. Prism: Prisms can be designed to act as total reflecting prisms using $TIR$ to deviate light by $90^{\circ}$ or $180^{\circ}$.$3$. Diamond: The brilliance of a diamond is due to multiple $TIR$ of light inside it,as its critical angle is very small.$4$. Optical fibres: These use $TIR$ to transmit light signals over long distances without significant loss of intensity.Therefore,all the given phenomena are based on $TIR$.

Where can the phenomenon of total internal reflection be observed?

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